50 Important Civil Rights Speeches From History

Activists, athletes, actors, and preachers with sometimes-fiery presentation skills are just a few of the people who've communicated the message of civil rights to the masses.

When many people think of civil rights, the path to equality for the Black community comes to mind, but oration has been part of other civil rights movements too, including those trying to secure equality for women, those who are older, and LGBTA+ people.

Stacker compiled a list of 50 essential civil rights speeches using resources including BlackPast, TED, American RadioWorks, the Obama Foundation, and additional media and educational sources.

Almost everyone knows the names and the works of Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Barack Obama, but one presenter who focuses on intersectionality includes a telling test in her speech, that shows how visibility for some can be almost nonexistent. And one of the key players of the civil rights movement of the '60s was sometimes silenced because he was Black and gay.

Being incendiary was natural for some of these speakers, while others toed the line between creating change and avoiding offending more-conservative elements of the movement. Some of the speeches are from 50+ years in the past, but several are from historic events in 2020, ranging from Black Lives Matter marches to the 2020 March on Washington, featuring powerful orators ranging from one of "The Squad" to MLK's granddaughter. Reform of the criminal justice system is a topic addressed in these speeches, across many decades. The list features speeches by activists ranging from professionals with doctorates to a grade-school student.

Many of the speakers had a lifetime commitment to human rights, but one tried to silence an activist lobbying for voting rights, before later signing off on major civil rights legislation. Several fought for freedom for more than one oppressed group.

Keep reading to discover 50 essential civil rights speeches.

You may also like: 'I Have a Dream' and the rest of the greatest speeches of the 20th century

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'Montgomery Bus Boycott' speech

Four days after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in 1955, Martin Luther King Jr. addressed thousands of people who were part of the subsequent boycott of the Montgomery bus system. He talked about the long-time intimidation of Black bus riders, and the importance of continuing the protest.

Malcolm X's 'White Liberals and Conservatives'

Malcolm X talked in 1963 about the power of the vote to change the race problem, noting that only 3 million "Negro integration-seekers" in the "Black bourgeoisie" vote, but 8 million don't. He proposed that both white liberals and conservatives use civil rights "in this crooked game of power politics" to garner power.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'Letter from a Birmingham Jail' speech

The civil rights leader penned this speech in 1963 while jailed for continuing to protest the treatment of Black people. King talked about the interconnectedness of humanity, reminding us that "injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere—we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly."

John F. Kennedy's 'Civil Rights Address'

After National Guard assistance was required in 1963 to allow two Black students onto the University of Alabama campus, President John F. Kennedy reminded the nation that Americans of any color should be able to attend public schools, receive equal service, register to vote, and "enjoy the privileges of being American," framing those rights as a moral issue. The stats he quoted to prove that this was not the case have changed over time, but many show that equality has not yet been achieved.

John Lewis' '1963 March on Washington' speech

Before representing Georgia in Congress, John Lewis was chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), organizing with other civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. Lewis drafted his March on Washington speech in response to the Civil Rights Bill of 1963, stating that "we cannot be patient" for jobs and freedom and that "we are tired. We are tired of being beaten by policemen. We are tired of seeing our people locked up in jail over and over again."

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech

The civil rights icon called for an end to racism in front of more than 250,00 people in 1963. King talked about the lack of progress at that time, but almost 60 years later, the police brutality decried in this speech still exists, visible in the deaths of unarmed Black citizens and the protests that followed.

Malcolm X's 'By Any Means Necessary'

The Nation of Islam activist spoke in 1964 about the creation of a Black nationalist party and/or army, based on the successes of African brothers in gaining "more independence, more recognition, more respect as human beings." His new Organization of African Unity would hasten the "complete independence of people of African descent…by any means necessary," starting in Harlem.

Malcolm X's 'The Ballot or the Bullet' speech

Malcolm X continued his incendiary tone in 1964 with his speech about"The Ballot or the Bullet," where he advocated for voting but doesn't rule out more violent reactions. He noted that Black people are "fed up," "disenchanted," and "disillusioned," creating an explosive environment.

Fannie Lou Hamer's 'Taking it to the Mountain'

Former sharecropper Fannie Lou Hamer talked in 1964 about traveling 26 miles to register to vote to become "first-class citizens," being met by police, and ultimately being evicted for her efforts. She asked, in the speech, "Is this America, the land of the free and the home of the brave, where we have to sleep with our telephones off of the hook?"

Lorraine Hansberry's 'The Black Revolution and the White Backlash' speech

Not far off the mark from the commentary of Malcolm X, Hansberry mentioned the "problem about white liberals," who don't understand the impatience of Black people who've been "kicked in the face so often." Her 1964 speech noted that the solution is to get them to "stop being a liberal and become an American radical."

Joseph Jackson's 'The Vote is the Only Effective Weapon in the Civil Rights Struggle'

Baptist preacher Joseph Jackson talked about the interconnectedness of civil rights and voting rights in this 1964 speech. The conservative leader implored the Black community to "fight their battles in the polling booth," but opposed the direct action taken by many other civil rights leaders of the time.

Bayard Rustin's 'Negro Revolution in 1965'

Rustin is relatively unknown in civil rights history, even though he was a major contributor to the movement, and acted as deputy director of the March on Washington. In this 1964 speech, he said that "the Negro is forcing the American people into a revolutionary situation" focused on better education, housing, and job opportunities. Some more-conservative elements wanted to silence Rustin because he was Black and gay.

James Baldwin's 'Pin Drop'

Writer and activist James Baldwin talked in 1965 about how it can seem to Black people that they "belong where white people have put you." He addressed how gentrification existed 55 years ago: "When someone says 'Urban Renewal,' that Negroes are simply going to be thrown out into the streets." And he talked about how those who are excluded will rise up: "The people who are denied participation in [the American Dream], by their very presence, will wreck it."

Lyndon B. Johnson's 'And We Shall Overcome'

After the atrocities of Bloody Sunday, President Lyndon B. Johnson called out in 1965 for voting and civil rights, stating "Their cause must be our cause too." Johnson had helped pass the Civil Rights Act the previous year. But he'd previously called a press conference to detract from testimony by Fannie Lou Hamer about voter suppression.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'Our God is Marching On'

After a four-day march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965, King spoke to the crowd, asking the question "How long will prejudice blind the visions of men?' with the often-repeated answer "not long, because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice." King hoped that racist brutality was coming to an end, but progress has continued to be spiked with beatings and deaths and new records in the number of hate groups.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'The Three Evils of Society'

Martin Luther King Jr. talked in 1967 about the "triple evils" of war, poverty, and racism at the 1967 National Conference on New Politics in Chicago. His thoughts on war talk about "guided missiles and misguided men," while his insights on poverty and racism note that "capitalism was built on the exploitation and suffering of black slaves and continues to thrive on the exploitation of the poor both black and white, both here and abroad."

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'The Other America'

Equality for all was another of King's rallying cries. In this 1967 speech, he recognized that some people live in a "lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity."

Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I've Been to the Mountaintop'

No collection of civil rights speeches would be complete without the hopeful presentation by Martin Luther King Jr. from the night before his assassination in 1968. Despite the roadblocks along the way, including the beatings and deaths of numerous people in the movement, the civil rights leader was still convinced that "we, as a people, will get to the promised land."

Muhammad Ali's 'Wake Up And Apologize'

In a 1972 conversation with an Irish journalist, Muhammad Ali launched into a poetic assessment of what it's like to face police brutality as a Black man. The GOAT noted, "better far from all I see, to die fighting to be free, what more fitting end could be…let me die by being Black, better far that I should go, standing here against the foe is the sweeter death to know."

Angela Davis' 'Speech at the Embassy Auditorium'

Socialist and activist Angela Davis faced sexism while championing criminal justice reform and civil rights for the Black community, even being imprisoned as a result. After her trial, she gave this speech in 1972, suggesting that society "redirect that wealth...and channel it into food for the hungry, and to clothes for the needy; into schools, hospitals, housing, and all the material things that are necessary." The ideas parallel current calls for reform.

Shirley Chisholm's 'The Black Woman in Contemporary America'

The first Black woman elected to Congress not-surprisingly urged all Americans in 1974 to "Forget traditions! Forget conventionalisms! Forget what the world will say whether you're in your place or out of your place." This mindset served her well when she put her name in the hat for president.

Jesse Jackson's 'Keep Hope Alive'

Two-time presidential candidate, activist, and organizer Jesse Jackson spoke to the Democratic National Convention in 1988 aboutfinding common ground, decades before the divisiveness seen in recent years. "Progress will not come through boundless liberalism, nor static conservatism, but at the critical mass of mutual survival."

John Lewis' 'You Cannot Tell People They Cannot Fall in Love'

The Georgia representative and civil rights organizer stepped up at the Defense of Marriage Act congressional debates in 1996 to tell the world that "You cannot tell people they cannot fall in love." Lewis drew parallels between interracial and gay marriages in his reaction to the wording in the Act that defined marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife.

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'s 'America Beyond the Color Line'

Harvard professor and intellectual Henry Louis Gates, Jr. spoke to the Commonwealth Club of California in 2004 about traveling all over the country to talk to Black people about their experiences, especially around racial equality. His interviews took place everywhere, from "Ebony Towers" and "Black Hollywood" to the inner city and all-black communities in the South.

Barack Obama's 'Speech at Democratic National Convention'

Before he was even elected as a senator, Barack Obama spoke at the Democratic National Convention in 2004 from the perspective of the child of parents who deemed him blessed to be in America. His speech considered the progress the country has made, but also how far we have to go.

Barack Obama's 'A More Perfect Union'

When President Obama was still a candidate in early 2008, he addressed America and its racism, talking about the original sin of slavery, and how the answer was already embedded in the Constitution, "that promised its people liberty, and justice, and a union that could be and should be perfected over time." Continuing, he talked about how protest "on the streets and in the courts," has moved us closer to a "more just, more equal, more free, more caring, and more prosperous America."

Barack Obama's 'Inaugural Address'

When President Obama was inaugurated in 2009, his speech recognized the diversity of the American people with respect to race, religion, and more. His speech held out hope "that the old hatreds shall someday pass" and "that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve." 2020 has shown us we haven't reached that goal yet, but Obama's speech promised that one day we will.

Bryan Stevenson's 'We Need to Talk About an Injustice'

Bryan Stevenson is a human rights lawyer who founded the Equal Justice Institute and its Legacy Museum that educates people about the direct path from slavery to mass incarceration. In this 2012 TED Talk, he talks about injustices and the impact of the death penalty, in a world where 10% of those on death row are ultimately exonerated.

Barack Obama' 'Calls for Equality and Gay Rights'

President Obama took the opportunity of his second inauguration in 2013 to draw parallels between Black and women's rights, fought for in Selma and Seneca Falls, to the Stonewall riot that was pivotal for the gay rights movement. His commitment to that cause was showcased in his comment that "our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law," setting the stage for arguments to declare the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional.

Vernā Myers' 'How to Overcome Our Biases? Walk Boldly Toward Them'

Diversity consultant Vernā Myers said to "stop trying to be good people, we need real people" in this 2014 TEDx Talk. "Don't even think about colorblindness."

Yoruba Richen's 'What the Gay Rights Movement Learned From the Civil Rights Movement'

Filmmaker Yoruba Richen, who is also part of the Black and LGBTQ+ communities, spoke in this 2014 TED Talk about her frustration when there seemed to be a conflict between the two worlds, but realized that there was really more intersection. She explored how the gay community ultimately successfully used strategies and tactics used by the Black community in their civil rights efforts.

John Lewis' 'Selma 50th Anniversary March'

Fifty years after the Selma march that became known as "Bloody Sunday," because of the brutal beatings by police that almost killed him and other marchers, John Lewis returned to the Edmund Pettus bridge in 2015. Lewis reminded everyone, "We must use this moment to recommit ourselves to do all we can to finish the work. There is still work left to be done. Get out there and push and pull until we redeem the soul of America," he said.

Jimmy Carter's 'Why I Believe the Mistreatment of Women is the Number One Human Rights Abuse'

President Jimmy Carter posited in this 2015 TEDWomen Talk that abuse of women and girls is the major human rights abuse of our time, resulting from various reasons, including misinterpretation of scriptures and "men [who] don't give a damn." He outlined a number of abuses that are commonplace across the world. His Carter Center is committed to protecting and advancing human rights.

Julian Bond's 'Declaration: We Must Practice Dissent'

From the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to the Southern Poverty Law Center and NAACP, Julian Bond has been part of some of the major organizations of the civil rights movement. In his final speech in 2015, he continued to advocate for protest and dissent.

Barack Obama's 'Love is Love'

More than two years after advocating for marriage equality in his second inauguration, Barack Obama celebrated the downfall of part of theDefense of Marriage Act in 2015 with a speech where he declared "love is love."

Jesse Williams' 'Condemnation Police Brutality at 2016 BET Awards'

Actor Jesse Williams' speech at the 2016 BET Awards remembered Black people killed by police, noting "we know that police somehow managed to deescalate, disarm, and not kill white people every day, so what's gonna happen is we are gonna have equal rights and justice in our own country, or we will restructure their function and ours." Mirroring the demands of other civil rights activists for action now, not later, he noted that "the hereafter is a hustle, we want it now."

Kimberlé Crenshaw's 'The Urgency of Intersectionality'

Crenshaw started her 2016 TEDWomen talk saying the names of people killed by police, conducting an experiment that shows that women in that group are relatively unknown. Discrimination against Black women "feels like injustice squared," according to Crenshaw. She asked the audience to #SayHerName to bear witness to these women.

Ashton Applewhite's 'Let's End Ageism'

One type of discrimination that's less considered in the civil rights realm is ageism. In this 2017 TED Talk, Ashton Applewhite called it the "last socially-acceptable prejudice." Many fear getting old, even though the stats show that reality doesn't match our fears. And prejudice of any type divides us. She implored us to get off the "hamster wheel of age denial."

Daryl Davis' 'Why I, as a Black Man, Attend KKK Rallies'

Black musician Daryl Davis talked about the unusual evolution of a friendship between himself and a Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon in his 2017 TEDx Talk. The takeaway is the "Hate stems from fear of the unknown. Take the time to sit down and talk with your adversaries. You'll learn something; they'll learn something." And the Grand Dragon actually left the Klan.

Oprah Winfrey's 'Golden Globes Speech'

The #MeToo movement was prominent in Oprah Winfrey's acceptance speech in 2018 for the Cecil B. DeMIlle Award. Winfrey gave gratitude to women who survived abuse and assault because they had "children to feed and bills to pay and dreams to pursue."

Melinda Epler's '3 Ways to Be a Better Ally in the Workplace'

Civil rights efforts need the collaboration and contribution of allies. Oftentimes, it's not an employee who is failing, but the culture, due to microaggressions and other barriers. In this 2018 TED Salon talk, Melinda Epler shared specific ways to support those facing discrimination.

Samy Nour Younes' 'A Short History of Trans People's Long Fight for Equality'

This 2018 TED Talk about the centuries-old history of trans people noted that they are not new, and explored both the struggles and triumphs of the community. The topic was timely—in 2020, at least 37 transgender or gender non-conforming people — mostly Black and Latinx women — were killed.

John Lewis' 'Good Trouble'

Returning in 2020 to the Edmund Pettus Bridge where police broke his skull 55 years earlier on Bloody Sunday, Georgia Representative John Lewis implored the crowd to "Go out there, speak up, speak out. Get in the way. Get in good trouble, necessary trouble, and help redeem the soul of America." Lewis himself had gotten into plenty of "good trouble" over the years, being arrested more than 40 times as the result of civil disobedience.

Andre Williams' 'Speech About Police Brutality'

Andre Williams reminded others at a 2020 Black Lives Matter march that "guess what, in the morning we still wake up Black, and we cannot continue to allow the people to oppress the African-American community." He begged them to "be the voice for Black people" with their parents, grandparents, and households.

Barack Obama's 'Reimagining Policing in the Wake of Continued Police Violence'

President Obama reacted to the police violence of 2020 in this speech. "I've been hearing a little bit of chatter on the internet about voting versus protest, politics, and participation versus civil disobedience and direct action. This is not either/or, this is both/and, to bring about real change. Because they kept marching, America changed. We'll get back up, that's how movement happens, that's how history bends."

John Boyega's 'Speech at London's Black Lives Matter Protests'

British actor John Boyega spoke out at a 2020 Black Lives Matter protest in London, noting "I don't know if I'm going to have a career after this." He talked about his own experience and those of others, noting "Every Black person understands and realizes the first time you were reminded that you were Black. I need you to understand how painful it is to be reminded every day that your race means nothing."

Playon Patrick's '2020 Quarantine Killings'

Playon Patrick was part of the Obama Foundation Conversation with President Obama about Reimagining Policing in 2020. His spoken word performance talked about the experience of Black boys in this country. "We are early graves before we are anything else. Always conflicted between being black and being people. I wish God could give us a choice."

Yolanda Renee King's 'March on Washington Speech'

The civil rights leader's granddaughter Yolanda Renee King channeled MLK in this powerful speech at the 2020 March on Washington. She noted that "great challenges produce great leaders: We have mastered the selfie and TikToks, now we must master ourselves." She claimed that her generation was going to be "the one that moves from me to we—we are going to be the generation that dismantles systemic racism once and for all."

Rep. Ayanna Pressley's 'March on Washington Speech'

Massachusetts Representative Ayanna Pressley "let it play" at the 2020 March on Washington, reminding us that " Another world is possible. Yes, it is possible to legislate justice and accountability, people over profits, joy over trauma, freedom over fear. Yes, it is possible to write budgets that actually value Black lives. If it feels unfamiliar, that's because it has never been done in America."

Martin Luther King III's 'March on Washington Speech'

The son of the civil rights icon spoke out at the 2020 March on Washington, talking about America's "rocky but righteous journey towards justice" and advocating for "demilitarizing the police, dismantling mass incarceration, and declaring that Black Lives Matter." Voting was another focus of this speech, where King talked about "marching to the ballot boxes, and the mailboxes," to defend our freedoms.

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